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Stanford Research Assesses Use Of Tamiflu, Relenza To Prevent Flu
Two common anti-influenza drugs - Relenza and Tamiflu - appear equally effective at preventing common flu symptoms when given before infection, say researchers from the Stanford University School of Medicine. However, data is lacking on the effectiveness and safety of the two drugs in vulnerable groups such as the very young and people with compromised immune systems.
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New York Times Series Examines Maternal Mortality In Tanzania
The New York Times on Sunday examined maternal mortality in Tanzania, in the opening of a three-part series on maternal mortality in Africa. According to the Tanzanian Ministry of Health, the country has a maternal death rate of 578 per 100,000 births, though the World Health Organization puts the count at 950 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Roughly 13,000 Tanzanian women die of pregnancy- or childbirth-related causes annually, giving it "neither the best nor the worst record in Africa," the Times reports. Tanzania is one of the world"s poorest countries and faces shortages in several areas -- including health workers, drugs, equipment and infrastructure -- that contribute to maternal mortality.The Times profiled obstetrical care at a rural hospital in Berega, Tanzania, that typifies efforts to reduce maternal mortality in Africa. Facing a shortage of doctors and nurses, the hospital has been training "assistant medical officers" to perform caesarean sections and other procedures. Meanwhile, the government also is attempting to train more assistants and midwives, build more clinics and nursing schools, offer housing to attract health workers to rural areas and provide places for pregnant women to stay closer to hospitals.According to the Times, many women who die in childbirth are young and healthy, and most maternal deaths are preventable with basic obstetrical care. The five leading causes of maternal death are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, prolonged labor and complications resulting from abortions, the Times reports. In discussing maternal mortality, experts often refer to what are known as "the three delays": a woman"s delay in going to the hospital, the time spent traveling there and the hospital"s delay in starting treatment upon the woman"s arrival. Although only around 15% of births have dangerous complications, the problems are almost impossible to predict, and seemingly normal labors can quickly progress into serious emergencies. Worldwide, more than 536,000 women die annually from pregnancy or childbirth, according to WHO (Grady, New York Times, 5/24).
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Bioniche Phase III Clinical Trial With Urocidin(TM) Progressing Well
Bioniche Life Sciences Inc. ("Bioniche"; TSX: BNC), a research-based, technology-driven Canadian biopharmaceutical company, today provided an update on its Phase III clinical program evaluating Urocidin(TM) in the treatment of bladder cancer. On March 31st, the Company announced that recruitment had been completed in its initial Phase III registration trial evaluating Urocidin in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer that is refractory (unresponsive) to the current standard immunotherapy - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).
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Many U.S. Children Have Inadequate Access To Pediatric Trauma Care

Approximately 30 percent U.S. children live more than one hour away from a pediatric trauma center by ground or by air transportation, according to a report in the June issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. More children between ages 1 and 14 die of injuries than of all other causes combined, according to background information in the article. Trauma centers have been shown to provide a survival benefit to severely injured adult and pediatric patients. Although a comprehensive inventory of adult trauma centers is regularly updated, no similar listing of pediatric trauma centers currently exists. Michael L. Nance, M.D., of the Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia, and colleagues used information from national, state and local trauma systems authorities to create a catalog of verified pediatric trauma centers along with self-identified trauma centers. Using U.S. Census and Postal Service data, along with information about air medical services, the authors calculated access to age-specific trauma care services for American children younger than 15. A total of 170 verified pediatric trauma centers were identified, located in 41 states (including the District of Columbia). An estimated 71.5 percent of children younger than 15 were within 60 minutes of one of the centers by ground or by air transportation, whereas 43 percent were within 60 minutes if only ground transportation was considered. The authors estimate that 17.4 million U.S. children would not have access to a pediatric trauma center within 60 minutes. "Access ranged from 22.9 percent of the population in the most rural areas of the United States to 93.5 percent in the most urban," the authors write. Access also varied by state, ranging from more than 90 percent of children having access in 11 states to less than 25 percent having access in 12 states. "The addition of 24 candidate centers [not verified] increased coverage to 77.4 percent of the pediatric population being within 60 minutes of a pediatric trauma center." "While this study does not directly address outcome from injury as it relates to pediatric trauma care access, it stands to reason that limited access may equate to suboptimal trauma care and a lower likelihood of survival," the authors write. "Several authors have demonstrated superior outcomes for children treated in designated pediatric trauma centers." Adult-focused trauma centers may lack pediatric-specific personnel and equipment; however, most injured children are still treated at these facilities. "Understanding the distribution of existing pediatric trauma centers and gaps in access will allow for more thoughtful trauma systems planning," they conclude. "The creation of an inventory of pediatric trauma care centers allowed us to perform these access calculations. A hospital"s capacity to provide optimal care for injured children, however, is dynamic, and our inventory captures only a fixed moment in time. To optimize pediatric trauma care planning, the development of a thorough, standardized and continuously updated catalog of pediatric trauma care res is necessary." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163[6]:512-518. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine


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